The Morality Of Euthanasia And Euthanasia - 1350 Words

The morality of euthanasia continues to be a controversial topic. Its subject matter, death, is shrouded in emotional feelings that often obscure the logical appraisal of the subject. For opponents of euthanasia, passive and active euthanasia are seen as distinct and subject to different morality rulings. According to Vaughn â€Å"Active euthanasia is said to involve performing an action that directly causes someone to die†¦ Passive euthanasia is allowing someone to die by not doing something that would prolong life† (595). In other words, active euthanasia is seen as killing someone while passive euthanasia is seen as simply letting him or her die. This distinction, killing versus letting die, is what is said to constitute the immorality of active euthanasia. It is my belief, however, that there is no moral difference between passive and active euthanasia and both should be considered moral. One of the major proponents of the lack of distinction between passive and acti ve euthanasia is James Rachels. Rachels argues that â€Å"the bare difference between killing and letting die does not, in itself, make a moral difference† (Vaughn 651). I agree that because the action is different does not necessarily mean that the morality is different. Both of them are the same in that they are the intentionally killing someone. Letting a person die is often seen as a moral high ground because there is no action taken to bring about the death. However, in taking a person off of life support orShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia Essay : Euthanasia And Morality1627 Words   |  7 PagesDenise Maranhao Professor Joseph Anderson Ethics across the professions November 29, 2014 Euthanasia (Euthanasia and morality) Could you pull the plug? Is mercy killing considered murder and should it be illegal under each and every circumstance? There are many questions and even more controversies when it comes to euthanasia and assisted suicide. There are those who believe euthanasia is immoral regardless of the situation, it is illegal and therefore always wrong. But most people have never beenRead MoreThe Morality Of Voluntary Euthanasia1563 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia, defined as the act of â€Å"putting a person to painless death especially in case of incurable suffering,† is a controversial subject surrounded by many moral dilemmas (Murkey, 2008). Although euthanasia is the overarching term used to describe the act itself, within it are three principal forms: voluntary, non-voluntary and involuntary, each of which pertains to case specific issues. Following The Supreme Court’s recent decision deeming Canada’s controversial law against physician-assistedRead MoreThe Morality o f Euthanasia Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesThe Morality of Euthanasia Technology has brought about drastic changes in the morality of today’s society. One organization it has greatly effected is the medical field. Few would argue with the fact that medical technology has greatly improved the quality of life. However, with doctors and other health care workers having the authority to contribute to both the patients’ well-being and inevitable death, society believes there should be limits to best serve the patient’s wishes. TheRead MoreThe Debate Concerning The Morality Of Euthanasia915 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans , arguably more than any other nationality, have a right to their opinion and there exists few subjects that generate more opinions than does euthanasia. The debate concerning the morality of euthanasia parsimoniously rests on the moral assessment of whether or not the physician intentionally kills or intentionally let die the patient. An assumption has been perpetuated that there is a line of demarcation betwe en intending to let die and intending to kill. This pseudo-practical barrierRead MoreThe Morality Of Euthanasia By James Rachels1086 Words   |  5 PagesID: 3339147 Active Euthanasia Does James Rachels in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† successfully argue that in at least some cases active euthanasia is morally acceptable? Explain his view and respond to it. In this essay, we are going to analyze the main ideas included in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† by James Rachels to provide a response to the following question: Does James Rachels in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† successfully argue that in at least some cases active euthanasia is morally acceptableRead MorePurpose of a Living Will and the Morality of Euthanasia829 Words   |  4 Pagesmedical treatments. Euthanasia, also called assisted suicide, or physician-assisted suicide, offers one of many options for terminal-ill patients or those with intractable pain. Many infer euthanasia as the action that brings about the end of a patient’s life because it has been decided they would be better off dead. Since euthanasia involves killing another person, voluntarily or not, a virtuous person considers euthanasia acceptable. There are two main categories of euthanasia, voluntary (conductedRead MoreThe Morality Of Euthanasia And The Application Of Utilitarianism1213 Words   |  5 PagesThe Morality of Euthanasia and the Application of Utilitarianism. Introduction When a patient is in immense amounts of pain from a terminal illness, one of the options to relieve a person from the pain is euthanasia. Euthanasia is seen as a controversial and moral issue because of the different viewpoints. Euthanasia is seen by some as killing, while others see it as removing a person from immense amounts of pain. This paper will first discuss the principles of utilitarianism through BenthamRead MoreEssay on The Morality of Euthanasia1765 Words   |  8 Pagesas heated as euthanasia. Euthanasia comes from the Greek word meaning good death. Euthanasia is the practice of ending the life of a person either by lethal injection or the suspension of medical treatment. Most religious beliefs say that God is the only one that has the right to decide the termination of any life. Euthanasia should be a person’s right of choice legally and ethically. People are faced with choices on a daily basis throughout their lives. Having the choice of euthanasia allows a q uickRead MoreEuthanasia: Utiliarianism and Morality of Death Essay1945 Words   |  8 Pagesperson be in the pain when they leave their physical form? Euthanasia, or assisted suicide, gives a person the chance the take the ending of their life into their own hands and make, an otherwise undefined, decision of how he/she would want their final moments to be. In this paper I plan to display that based on the utilitarian perspective, Rachels’ writings, and contemplating human rights constructed from a governmental outlook, that euthanasia is just and morally acceptable and should be consideredRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?907 Words   |  4 PagesHippocratic Oath†), directly refuting the morality of voluntary active euthanasia, which is a highly contentious issue in the United States. Voluntary active euthanasia is currently illegal in the United States. However, I believe that patients with terminal illnesses experiencing a lot of pain and misery should have t he right to die the way they choose, with dignity, instead of being subjected to agony. People should be able to choose voluntary active euthanasia, if ever need be, which is why I believe

Martha Stewart Organization Ethics of Insider Trading Free Essays

On December 27, 2001, Martha Stewart made a decision that changed her life, and the decision jeopardized the livelihood of her stakeholders. Ms. Stewart received a call from her stockbroker’s assistant letting her know that Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Martha Stewart: Organization Ethics of Insider Trading or any similar topic only for you Order Now Samuel Waksal was trying to sell his holdings in ImClone. Dr. Waksal was the chief executive officer and founder of ImClone, and he had just received notice from the Food and Drug Administration that the drug Erbitux did not receive approval to be used as a cancer drug. Stock in ImClone was at a high due to expectations of Erbitux getting approval, and once the news of it not getting it reached the public, Dr.  Waksal knew that the price of its stock was going to decline. (Carroll Buchholtz, 2009, p. 814) This is an example of insider trading. â€Å"Anytime a company executive or employee buys or sells stock in the company that person works for, an inside trade has occurred. † (Newkirk, 1998) In this essay I will explore who the ‘insiders’ were that knew that the stock was in danger, and the people who did not know. I will examine how Martha Stewart’s decision affected her company, Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, and what she could have done differently. The concept of insider trading is when a person has knowledge, positive or negative, that can impact a company’s stock price and a trade is made based on that knowledge. Insider trading is illegal. Martha Stewart â€Å"acted on inside information when she sold 3,928 shares in biotechnology company ImClone Systems†. (White, 2006) The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the federal agency that has the responsibility of regulating stock trading in the United States, alleged in its case against Ms. Stewart that she received an illegal tip from her broker Peter Bacanovic. The tip was that Dr.  Waksal and his family members were selling their shares of ImClone stock. Bacanovic was the broker for Dr. Waksal and for Ms. Stewart. (White, 2006) When insider trading takes place, there is a select group of privileged people who have information about the stock’s possible rise or fall. In the case of ImClone, Dr. Waksal let certain individuals, his father, his daughter and his broker’s assistant, know that a change was about to take place with ImCone stock by attempting to sell his shares. These are the people that the investigation revealed did ImClone stock trading on the day before the news become public. Martha Stewart found out about the news when Bacanovic’s assistant, Douglas Faneuil, notified her that Dr. Waksal was selling his holdings. (Hurtado, 2004) Each person who sold their holding in ImClone on December 27, 2001 with knowledge of the possible decline participated in insider trading. The other individuals that owned holdings in ImClone were not privileged to that information, they did not have an inside advantage. The two parties who knew ImClone’s stock was going down and the people who did not know have several things in common. They all felt that ImClone’s stock was a good investment and they were all about to loose money once the FDA’s decision was made public. The difference between the two parties is one had a closer connection to the executives of ImClone and the other did not. High level employees of an organization are privileged to insider information. The spouses, friends, bankers and lawyers are connected to individuals who have â€Å"awareness of material information that’s not publicly available† to everyone. (Clark, 2009) Martha Stewart and Dr. Waksal were close friends at the time of the ImClone scandal. This allowed her to have an inside advantage. When Dr. Waksal received the news that the FDA was not going to accept Erbitux’s application for approval, he had an ethical dilemma. He knew that he could not control what was about to happen to ImClone, but he wanted to â€Å"minimize his losses, and maybe the losses of some family members and close friends†. (Carroll Buchholtz, 2009, p. 814) Dr Waksal; his father, Jack; his daughter Aliza; and a number of close friends had significant investments in ImClone†¦Of course, elling his stock and advising his father, daughter, and friends to sell their stock would reduce their loses†¦ Dr. Waksal was faced with a tough decision. On one hand, he could refrain from engaging in questionable trading practice and thereby incur a significant amount of losses in his investment. On the other hand, he could choose to sell his stock based on the information he received, reducing his investment losses, but violating the law and ethics of fair trade. (Carroll Buchhlotz, 2009, p. 814) Dr. Waksal influenced each person he told about the FDA’s decision and each person who knew he was trying to sell his holdings. When the head of an organization decides to sell his/her holdings in the organization, knowledge of this greatly influences others to do the same. Once Martha Stewart became aware of the possible decline in ImClone stock, she had a decision to make too. Her decision was whether to do nothing or to sell her stock. The decision she made affected more people than just herself. It affected every stakeholder she was associated with at that time. This included her employees at Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia (MSO), customers and competitors of MSO products, the Kmart Corporation, CBS’s â€Å"The Early Show† where Ms.  Stewart was a style contributor, and other business leaders and the public. Employees of MSO were left wondering if their jobs were in jeopardy, customers and competitors of MSO did not know the fate of the company, Kmart’s revenues suffered, Ms. Stewart was no longer needed at CBS, and the public was left with mixed views. The ethical thing that Ms. Stewart should have done that would have spared her company’s reputation and prevented the public scrutiny that each company and person close to her had to endure would have been to not act on the tip she received about ImClone’s stock. The company’s reputation would have been saved and Ms. Stewart would have saved money. She avoided a loss of $47,673 by selling her stock in ImClone before the news of the FDA’s decision was made public. (White, 2006). â€Å"The cost to her of selling that stock, factoring in penalties, restitution, and legal cost has been estimated to be about $300 to $400 million. Furthermore, had she held on to her shares of ImClone rather than selling them, she would have made a nice profit†. (Carroll Buchholtz, 2009, p. 17) In February 2004, after a new clinical trial and refilling by ImClone’s partner, the FDA approved the use of Erbitux for colon cancer and the price of its stock soared again. (Carroll Buchholtz, 2009, p. 816) Dr. Waksal’s punishment for his actions was the maximum sentence of seven years in prison and he was asked to leave his position at Stanford University, the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Tufts University School of Medicine and Mount Sinai School of Medicine. He also lost his position of CEO with ImClone and he had to pay a fine to the SEC. His plea agreement with the government and his admittance that â€Å"he tipped undisclosed individuals to dump their stock before the FDA decision was made public† spared his father and daughter from facing charges. (Carroll Buchholtz, 2009, p. 815-816) Dr. Waksal’s and Martha Stewart’s stockbroker, Peter Bacanovic, was sentenced to five months in prison, five months of house arrest, and fined $4,000. Bacanovic’s assistant, Douglas Faneuil was fined $2,000. (Hurtado, 2004) The original investigation of Martha Stewart was for insider trading, but she was not indicted for insider trading. A spokesperson for Ms. Stewart denied the allegations and insisted that Ms. Stewart had a prearranged agreement with her broker, Mr. Bacanovic, to sell ImClone stock if it fell below $60†¦Her assistant broker, Mr. Douglas Faneuil, however, claimed that such an agreement never existed and that Ms. Stewart sold her four thousand shares of ImClone after she learned that Dr. Waksal and other family members had dumped their stock. (Carroll Buchholtz, 2009, p. 815) Ms. Stewart was indicted on nine federal counts. The nine-count indictment alleged that Stewart altered evidence that she traded on inside information about the biotech company ImCone Systems, conspired with her stockbroker to lie to federal officials investigating the trade, and defrauded shareholders in her company, Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, by misleading them about why she had sold the stock†. (Carroll Buchholtz, 2009, p. 815) Martha Stewart was found â€Å"guilty on four counts: obstruction of justice, conspiracy, and two counts of making false statements†. (Carroll Buchholtz, 2009, p. 816) Ms.  Stewart’s punishment for her crime was five months in prison, five months in home confinement, and two years of probation. The fines she had to pay included $30,000, and $195,00 that included the $47,673 she saved by selling her shares in ImClone plus $137,019 in penalties that represent three times the loss avoided amount. (White, 2006) â€Å"In addition to the fine, Ms Stewart agreed to a five-year ban on serving as a director of a public company and to limitations during those five years on the extent of her service as an officer or employee of a public company†. (White, 2006) Ms. Stewart resigned as CEO and chairman of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia on the same day she was indicted, but remained on the company’s board. She also â€Å"resigned her position as board member for Revlon and the New York Stock Exchange. † (Carroll Buchholtz, 2009. p. 816) Some think Ms. Stewart was justly tried and convicted, while others think she was a scapegoat for larger corporate scandals. My opinion is that the punishment given to Ms. Stewart was fair. The maximum amount of time the crime she was convicted for can be unto 20 years in prison. (Hoffman, 2007) Regardless of whom you are, consequences should follow when the law is broken. Martha Stewart broke the law in a minimal way, so her punishment fits the crime. When shareholders invest in a corporation, they do so to make a profit. The money they invest is used in several ways by the corporation. It is used for product research and development, improvements, overseas expansion, and to keep the company afloat in tough times. If the company is not successful, the investors loose money. If the company is a success, the investors are rewarded with higher values of their stock shares in the company. (Clark, 2006) Martha Stewart’s action brought an initial loss for her investors. Advertising sales plunged at MSO’s magazine when the incident began. â€Å"MSO stock plummeted by 60 percent after the charges were made public†. (Carroll Buchholtz, 2009, p. 815) However, â€Å"when Ms. Stewart received the minimum sentence, the stock price of her company rose by 37 percent†. (Carroll Buchholtz, 2009, p. 816) Before the ImClone scandal in 2001, Martha Stewart’s products were sold in Kmart and she was the CEO of MSO. During the ordeal, her magazine Martha Stewart Living loss advertising sponsors and pictures of Ms. Stewart were removed from the magazine. Less than three years after she got out of prison, the magazine showed an increase in advertising pages, pictures of Ms. Stewart are back in the magazine, she has a channel on Sirius satellite radio, she has a new magazine called Blueprint for younger people, and she has a line of homes with KB Homes. â€Å"In 2006, she published Martha Stewart’s Home-keeping Handbook, a 744-page guide to all things domestic†. (Carroll Buchholtz, 2009, p. 817) As of today, MSO is a thriving organization. Martha Stewart has a line of products at The Home Depot, PetSmart and Macy’s, along with The Martha Stewart Show on the Hallmark Channel. The company reported $49. 7 million for its third quarter earnings in 2010. (â€Å"Martha Stewart,† 2010) Prior to the ImClone scandal, Martha Stewart owned a magazine, her products were in Kmart and she worked for â€Å"The Early Show†; after coming out of prison, she still owns the magazine, her products are with more prominent companies, she has her own show on television and her organization is still making profits. The relationship she had with her stockholders may have suffered during the scandal, but today the relationship is mended. Ethical and public issues must be considered in a stockholder relationship. Decisions made by executives can have enormous effects on a company which can then cause negative and/or positive changes in a stockholder’s shares depending on how the public receives a brand or corporation once it has gone through a scandal. Loyalty to the Martha Stewart brand has helped the company to endure through the storm of the scandal. (Carroll Buchholtz, 2009, p. 816) Shareholders should be considered when decisions are made that are unethical or that could be harmful to the company’s public image. How to cite Martha Stewart: Organization Ethics of Insider Trading, Essay examples

Public Administration Public Service

Question: Discuss about thePublic Administrationfor Public Service. Answer: Introduction Public administration is the academic branch that focuses on the implementation of government policy and keeps civil servants prepared for working in the public service. It is concerned with the government program implementation and policies. Also, the actions of officials who are in account of their behavior as denoted by Mustafa (2012) are looked upon. Hierarchy can be defined as an idea or system of management which suggests employing a person to a position of eligibility for this person. Apart from this, in every organization, there is a chief executive to manage the whole body and requires other people to help him since for effective performance of the public service responsibilities. All of them may not hold the same rank or perform the same duty. However, every individual performs that given task among the various tasks of the public services as asserted by Hemi (2016). Hierarchy of Administration Described below is the United Arab Emirates public administration system. To ensure efficient ruling of the UAE after the rise back in 1971, the overseers of UAE which comprise the Federation concluded on coming up with a constitution dictating the duties directed to the federal organizations. As for the numerous governmental formations around the globe, certain abilities remained as the prerogative of the individual Arabs. They had already established their dictating bodies before creation of the Federation. As seen in Articles 121 and 120 of the Emirates formulation (that was stabilized in 1996), the central regions below the watch of the men in charge are defense, foreign affairs and security. Also, nationality and immigration problems, postal, air traffic control, currency, education, telephone and other communications services licensing of aircraft (Mustafa, 2012). Also, some other segments individually prescribed include labor relations, banking, and extradition of criminals an d delimitation of territorial waters. Every other query was left to the local governments and jurisdiction of the unique emirates. A better view of the movement of the local and federal governments, both combined and separately, Samier (2014) underlines that the UAE's unique combination of the traditional and modern political structures has assured national stability. It has also presented the developmental foundation. The federal government system, at present, includes a governmental body in the form of the Federal Supreme Court, the Council of Ministers (Cabinet), the Supreme Council and the Federal National Council, which represents an independent judiciary. Management System of the Organization Comprising of the overseers of the Emirates, The Supreme Council, elects a vice-president and main president for a five-year period in office amongst members accordingly. The Abu Dhabi ruler who is called H.H. Sheikh bin Zayed Al Nahyan was promoted to the presidents office after the fathers death, Sheikh bin Sultan Al Nahyan. The Council has both legislative and executive abilities. It plans general policy, accepts the presidents resignation, approves the prime ministers nomination, and ratifies federal decrees and laws. It also absconds him from his position upon the presidents recommendation as indicated by the United Arab Emirates Constitutional Amendments (2014). The Ministers Council as quoted in the formulation as the main authority' for the Federation, spearheaded by a prime minister and chosen by the president and consults with the Supreme Council. Afterward, the Cabinet is proposed by the minister, which then requires the ratification of the president. Ruler of Dubai, Sheikh Mohammed bin Al Maktoum, serves as prime minister currently. The study above showcases the first proven exploitation of the impacts as well as processes of management in the government segment of the UAE. Role of Management in Effective Work Processes It is constructed to check the route in which public institutions implement, evaluate and formulate their strategy plans. Also, it identifies the elements of management that are directly related to the showcased outcomes. Based on a collection of 175 surveys from 70 institutions, outcomes present that the strategic management practice has become standard and regular. The practice has then been considered the epicenter of the reform of management in Emirates public institutions over the last few decades. Additionally, there is relatively strong awareness of improvement tools. The straightened card is implemented as the guideline for improvement planning by local and federal institutions. The case also proves that there is little to no explanation in the strategic management procedure between local as well as federal agencies and the outcomes of the endeavor are mostly beneficial. The effects of these outcomes for public management research and practitioners are expounded as pointed ou t by Elbanna (2013). Flow of Communication within Chosen Organization MOCA is building a comprehensive system of external and internal communications for the federal government, to support the federal government's strategic plan and to keep up with global developments. In 2008, the GCO was established within the General Secretariat of the Cabinet to be the main link in streamlining the communication between different federal ministries and entities and the Cabinet. Over the past years, it has contributed in building integrated communications systems for the government. These include the launch of 2008 Government Communication Strategy as well as the Federal 2014-2016 Government Communication resolution which assisted in developing a roadmap for public institutions to unify the reputation and voice of the government federal. It thus promoted the UAE position according to the United Emirates Constitutional amendments (2014). Conclusion To this end, the GCO sets unified procedures and standards for government branding, supports the making of government decisions, and unifies state address on various important issues. It also effectively contributes to building functional management communication capabilities and prepares regular studies and reports on media and government communication. It was also enhanced coordination and exchange of experience among federal entities. References Bin, M. (2016). Initial National Communication To The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The United Arab Emirates, 1-67. Elbanna, S. (2013). Processes and Impacts of Strategic Management: Evidence From the Public Sector in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Public Administration, 426-439. Hemi, J. (2016). Journal of Public Administration and Governance. Macrothink . Mustafa, A. (2012). Privatization and the public sector: a theoretical framework. The Impact of Privatization on the United Arab Emirates, 1-24. Samier, E. (2014). Designing Public Administration Curriculum for the UAE. Administrative Culture , 1-25. United Arab Emirates Constitutional Amendments. (2014). Constitute , 1-37.